IELTS Writing · Ch 22

Editing and Proofreading

90-second post-write checklist

Topic & Why It Matters

IELTS Writing is timed, so many candidates finish with a draft that contains avoidable errors: a missing overview, an unclear position, repeated words, wrong verb forms, or an unfinished conclusion. Editing is the final chance to protect marks you have already earned.

The aim is not to make the answer sound more impressive at the last moment. The aim is to remove visible weaknesses quickly and conservatively. A simple, accurate correction is worth more than a risky advanced phrase added under pressure.

Knowledge Points

Editing is part of the score, not an optional extra
A strong idea can lose marks if grammar, word form, article use, or task response is careless. The final 90 seconds should protect all four IELTS criteria.
Do not rewrite the whole answer
Post-write editing is for high-value corrections, not for starting again. Fix errors that damage meaning, task response, paragraph control, or repeated language.
Check Task Response before language
An accurate but off-task answer cannot score highly. First confirm that you answered every part of the prompt, stated a clear position where required, and stayed within the question.
Task 1 and Task 2 have different emergency checks
Task 1 Academic needs an overview, accurate units, and selected data. Task 2 needs a clear thesis, topic sentences, development, and a conclusion that matches the argument.
Word count still matters
Underlength answers are penalised. Aim for 150-180 words in Task 1 and 250-290 words in Task 2, leaving enough time to check the final sentence rather than writing until the last second.
Repeated errors are more damaging than one-off slips
If you often make one error type, such as subject-verb agreement or missing articles, make it a personal priority in the checklist. Repeated patterns signal weaker control.

Structure Template

Use this 90-second sequence after finishing either Task 1 or Task 2. The order matters: meaning first, mechanics second.

TimeFocusWhat to Do
0-20 secondsTask matchRe-read the prompt and underline the exact demand. Check that your introduction and conclusion answer the same question.
20-40 secondsParagraph controlConfirm that every body paragraph has one clear main idea, a topic sentence, and development rather than a list of unrelated points.
40-60 secondsHigh-risk grammarScan for subject-verb agreement, verb tense, plural nouns, articles, and sentence boundaries. Fix only clear errors.
60-75 secondsVocabulary precisionReplace repeated or vague words where easy: 'things', 'bad', 'good', 'people', 'big'. Do not insert unfamiliar words at the end.
75-90 secondsFinal safety checkCheck word count, missing conclusion, unfinished sentence, copied prompt language, and any Task 1 units or figures.
Editing rule: Fix the answer you actually wrote. Do not begin a new argument, introduce new data, or change your position in the final minute.

Personal Error Log

Error TypeFast Check
Subject-verb agreementCircle third-person singular subjects: government, education, technology, student. Check the verb after each one.
ArticlesScan singular countable nouns. If you wrote 'policy', 'student', or 'problem', ask whether it needs 'a', 'the', or plural form.
Sentence boundariesLook for very long sentences joined only by commas. Add a period or a clear linker if two independent clauses are colliding.
Word formCheck common families: education/educational, benefit/beneficial, responsibility/responsible, economy/economic.

Vocabulary & Grammar Toolkit

ExpressionUsage Note
I partly agree that...A clear but qualified Task 2 position
This essay argues that...Direct thesis framing; use sparingly and naturally
The main reason is that...Simple topic control for a body paragraph
A further concern is...Adds a second problem without overusing 'another reason'
This means that...Clarifies cause and effect in plain language
For this reason,...Links a recommendation to the previous explanation
provided that...Adds a condition to a final judgement
rather than...Useful for precise contrast in solutions or opinions
whose lives differ from...Relative clause for specifying people
which can...Relative clause for adding a result or benefit
may / can / is likely toSafer than absolute claims such as 'will always'
limited, supervised, and connected to learningParallel list; useful for concise policy conditions
academic timeMore precise than 'study time'
public problemsMore academic than 'society problems'
practical communication skillsSpecific skill noun phrase
a stronger sense of responsibilityControlled abstract noun phrase
flexible optionsUseful when discussing realistic implementation
assess reflectionEducation-topic collocation; stronger than 'mark hours'
real social needsPrecise phrase for community-service topics
thoughtful graduatesConcise outcome phrase; avoids vague 'better students'
resentful volunteersSpecific contrast phrase; use only when the argument supports it

Common Pitfalls

MistakeCorrection
Editing by adding memorised phrasesDo not add empty phrases such as 'Every coin has two sides' or 'In this modern era'. Use the final minute to improve accuracy, not decoration.
Changing a correct sentence into a risky oneLate edits should be conservative. If a sentence is clear and accurate, leave it. Replace only errors or weak wording you can fix confidently.
Checking grammar before checking task responseA polished answer can still fail if it does not answer the prompt. Always check position, question parts, and paragraph relevance first.
Ignoring article and plural errorsErrors like 'student need' or 'government should provide a support' are small but frequent. Scan nouns and verbs quickly in the final check.
Ending with an unfinished sentenceLeave the last 10-15 seconds to complete or delete a weak final sentence. An unfinished ending is highly visible to the examiner.

Practice Prompt

Set a 40-minute timer. Stop writing after 38 minutes and spend the final 90 seconds using the checklist above.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmes.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Write at least 250 words.

Examiner warning: Editing cannot rescue an answer that is off topic. If the prompt asks whether a policy should be compulsory, your position must address compulsion, not only whether the activity is useful.
My Response
0 / 250 words
250 more words needed

Model AnswerBand 7.5+ · 252 words

Many schools want students to become more responsible citizens, and compulsory community service is often proposed as one way to achieve this. I partly agree with the idea: well-designed service can develop maturity and empathy, but it should be limited, supervised, and connected to learning rather than treated as free labour.

The main benefit is that service gives teenagers experience outside the classroom. When students help in libraries, environmental projects, or local care homes, they meet people whose lives differ from their own and learn that public problems are not abstract. This can build practical communication skills and a stronger sense of responsibility. It may also help students understand careers in health, education, or social work before they choose further study.

However, making service compulsory can weaken its value if schools manage it poorly. Students who already have part-time jobs, caring duties, or long commutes may find extra hours stressful, especially before exams. There is also a risk that organisations receive unwilling volunteers who need constant supervision. For this reason, schools should not simply demand a fixed number of hours. They should offer flexible options, prepare students properly, and assess reflection rather than the total time completed.

Overall, I support community service as a required element of high school education, provided that it is modest and educational. A short, flexible programme can expose students to real social needs while protecting their academic time. If schools design it with care, the policy is likely to produce more thoughtful graduates rather than resentful volunteers.

Annotated Commentary

Each paragraph is quoted, then checked against the features that should survive final proofreading: thesis, topic control, cohesion, vocabulary, and grammar accuracy.

[ Thesis ]Paragraph 1 - Introduction
Many schools want students to become more responsible citizens, and compulsory community service is often proposed as one way to achieve this. I partly agree with the idea: well-designed service can develop maturity and empathy, but it should be limited, supervised, and connected to learning rather than treated as free labour.
Paraphrase'compulsory community service' restates the prompt without copying the full sentence
Thesis'I partly agree' gives a clear qualified position
Cohesive device'but' creates the main limitation that controls the whole essay
Complex grammar'rather than treated as free labour' adds a concise contrast after the thesis
Lexical upgrade'maturity', 'empathy', and 'connected to learning' are precise education-topic terms
[ Topic sentence ]Paragraph 2 - Benefits
The main benefit is that service gives teenagers experience outside the classroom. When students help in libraries, environmental projects, or local care homes, they meet people whose lives differ from their own and learn that public problems are not abstract. This can build practical communication skills and a stronger sense of responsibility. It may also help students understand careers in health, education, or social work before they choose further study.
Topic sentence'The main benefit is...' gives the paragraph one clear purpose
Cohesive device'This can build...' links the examples back to the benefit
Complex grammar'When students help...' uses a time clause to connect action and result
Complex grammar'people whose lives differ...' uses a relative clause for precision
Lexical upgrade'practical communication skills' and 'sense of responsibility' are stronger than vague personal benefits
[ Contrast ]Paragraph 3 - Limits
However, making service compulsory can weaken its value if schools manage it poorly. Students who already have part-time jobs, caring duties, or long commutes may find extra hours stressful, especially before exams. There is also a risk that organisations receive unwilling volunteers who need constant supervision. For this reason, schools should not simply demand a fixed number of hours. They should offer flexible options, prepare students properly, and assess reflection rather than the total time completed.
Topic sentence'making service compulsory can weaken its value' introduces the limitation paragraph
Cohesive device'However' signals contrast; 'For this reason' connects the solution to the problem
Complex grammar'if schools manage it poorly' uses a condition to avoid an overgeneralised claim
Complex grammar'Students who already have...' and 'volunteers who need...' use defining relative clauses
Lexical upgrade'flexible options', 'assess reflection', and 'total time completed' make the solution realistic
[ Final judgement ]Paragraph 4 - Conclusion
Overall, I support community service as a required element of high school education, provided that it is modest and educational. A short, flexible programme can expose students to real social needs while protecting their academic time. If schools design it with care, the policy is likely to produce more thoughtful graduates rather than resentful volunteers.
Thesis restated'I support community service... provided that...' repeats the qualified position
Cohesive device'Overall' clearly marks the conclusion
Complex grammar'provided that it is modest and educational' adds a condition to the final view
Complex grammar'while protecting their academic time' adds a balanced limitation
Lexical upgrade'real social needs', 'academic time', and 'thoughtful graduates' keep the conclusion specific

Self-Check

Answer these from memory before looking back. If you cannot answer all, re-read the relevant section.

  1. Why should task response be checked before grammar in the final 90 seconds?
  2. Correct these errors: 'Student should do a community services because it make them responsible.'
  3. Name three personal error types you should scan for in the last minute.
Answers: (1) Task response controls the ceiling of the score; correct grammar cannot compensate for not answering the question. (2) Correct: 'Students should do community service because it makes them responsible' or 'A student should do community service because it makes him or her responsible.' (3) Examples: subject-verb agreement, articles, plural nouns, sentence boundaries, word form, and tense.