IELTS Speaking · Part 1 · Ch 04

Part 1 — Hobbies & Leisure

Frequency expressions · gerund vs. infinitive after enjoy/like/love · making simple hobbies sound rich · scoring techniques

1. Topic & Why It Matters

Hobbies & Leisure is a classic Part 1 topic because it sounds easy but quietly exposes your level. The examiner uses it to relax you, yet it's exactly where many candidates give one-line answers ("I like music.") that hand over almost no evidence of vocabulary, grammar range, or fluency.

This topic typically generates 4–6 questions across sub-areas: what you do in your free time, how often, who you do it with, how you got into it, how it's changed since childhood, and whether you'd like to try something new. The examiner can pivot from "What do you do to relax?" to "Did you have the same hobbies as a child?" in a single breath, so you need ideas ready across all of them.

Where marks are commonly dropped:

  • Fluency & Coherence — listing hobbies without explaining when, why, or how they fit into daily life; freezing because the topic feels "too simple" to develop.
  • Lexical Resource — repeating like, interesting, and relax instead of richer phrases like clear my head or get completely absorbed in.
  • Grammar — the wrong verb form after enjoy, avoid, be into, or would like; never moving beyond the present simple.
  • Pronunciation — weak sentence stress, especially in answers built around frequency phrases such as once or twice a week.

2. Scoring Strategy — How to Maximise Your Band

Part 1 is scored on the same four criteria as Parts 2 and 3. Here is how to target each one specifically in Hobbies & Leisure answers:

Fluency & Coherence (FC)
Band 6:Answers are understandable but choppy; hobbies are listed rather than developed.Band 7:Speech flows with only occasional hesitation; ideas are linked with 'so', 'which means', 'that's partly why'.Band 8:Effortless, extended answers; the hobby becomes a small story with a clear shape.
Tip: Use the 3-layer move: what → how often → why it matters. Aim for 3–5 sentences. Never stop after naming the hobby.
Lexical Resource (LR)
Band 6:Basic vocabulary ('I like', 'it's fun', 'I relax'); little range.Band 7:Less common phrasing ('I'm really into', 'it helps me switch off', 'a creative outlet').Band 8:Precise, idiomatic collocations used effortlessly ('lose track of time', 'a nice change of pace').
Tip: Swap generic words: 'relax' → 'unwind / switch off / clear my head'; 'fun' → 'absorbing / addictive'. Use 2–3 collocations per answer.
Grammatical Range & Accuracy (GRA)
Band 6:Mostly present simple; the verb form after 'enjoy' is often wrong.Band 7:Correct gerund/infinitive choices; relative clauses and contrast structures appear.Band 8:Wide range — gerund subjects, conditionals, 'used to' — used accurately and self-corrected.
Tip: Per answer: one gerund after enjoy/be into, one frequency phrase + present simple, and one complex structure (relative clause or 'used to').
Pronunciation (P)
Band 6:Intelligible but flat; frequency phrases are said mechanically.Band 7:Clear stress and intonation; frequency phrases sound light and natural.Band 8:Wide range of features used naturally; linking and weak forms make speech flow.
Tip: Stress the key time word: 'a COUple of times a WEEK', 'every NOW and THEN'. Link function words: 'into_it', 'couple_of'.

3. Answer Frameworks

A framework stops you freezing on a "simple" question. For Part 1 hobbies, aim for 3–5 sentences (20–40 seconds). Here are four reliable shapes:

WHW — What · How often · Why
The core Part 1 hobby move. Name the activity, say how regularly you do it, then give the reason it matters to you.
"I'm really into street photography. [What] I usually head out on Sunday mornings, maybe a couple of times a month. [How often] It helps me slow down and actually notice the little details I'd normally walk straight past. [Why]"
PEE — Point · Example · Explanation
Great for 'Do you enjoy …?' or 'Why do you like …?'. State the point, give a concrete example, then explain the effect on you.
"Yeah, I'm a big fan of hiking. [P] Last month a few of us did an overnight trek in the mountains. [E] There's something about being completely off-grid that really lets me switch off from work. [E]"
TNN — Then · Now · Nuance
Perfect for 'Did you have the same hobbies when you were younger?'. Contrast past and present, then add a twist.
"When I was a kid I used to be obsessed with video games. [T] These days I'm more into cooking and reading, to be honest. [N] That said, I'll still pick up a controller now and then when I want to switch my brain off completely. [Nuance]"
FWP — Frequency · Wish · Plan
Ideal for 'Would you like to try a new hobby?'. Anchor in current frequency, express a wish, then make it concrete.
"At the moment I barely have time for my own hobbies. [F] But I'd love to pick up pottery at some point — it just looks so calming. [W] I'm actually thinking of signing up for a weekend class once things quieten down. [P]"

4. Knowledge Points

Frequency language: be precise, not robotic

MeaningNatural phraseExample
Very oftenalmost every dayI go for a short run almost every day.
Regular but not dailya couple of times a weekI cook with my friends a couple of times a week.
Occasionalevery now and thenEvery now and then, I play badminton after work.
Rareonce in a blue moonI go to karaoke once in a blue moon.
When busywhenever I can squeeze it inI read whenever I can squeeze it in.
Irregular over timeon and offI've been learning the guitar on and off for years.

Frequency spectrum (from most to least)

every single dayalmost every daymost daysa couple of times a weeknow and thenon and offwhenever I can squeeze it inonce in a blue moonhardly ever

Gerund vs. infinitive after common hobby verbs

Verb / phraseFollowed byExample
enjoy / avoid / consider / practise-ing (gerund)I enjoy taking photos. I avoid watching TV too late.
be into / be keen on / be fond of-ing or nounI'm really into bouldering. I'm fond of old films.
would like / hope / plan / wantto + verbI'd like to learn the guitar properly.
like / love / prefer-ing or to + verbI love cooking on weekends. (-ing sounds more general)
spend (time) / it's worth-ingI spend hours editing photos. It's worth getting outdoors.
used tobase verbI used to collect stamps when I was a kid.

The 3-layer Part 1 answer

For hobbies, use three quick layers: what you do, how oftenyou do it, and why it matters. For example: "I'm really into street photography. I usually do it on Sunday mornings, when the city is still pretty quiet. It helps me slow down and notice small details I'd normally miss."

Turning a one-word hobby into a high-band answer

Band 5

"I like music."

Band 6

"I like listening to music. I listen every day because it helps me relax."

Band 7+

"I'm a bit of a music addict, to be honest — I almost always have something playing. Lately I've been really into lo-fi and old jazz, mainly because it helps me switch off and get in the zone when I'm working."

5. Vocabulary & Phrase Bank

A. Liking & getting into a hobby

#ExpressionMeaning / use
01be really into …like something strongly and naturally
02be keen on …British-style phrase for liking an activity
03be a big fan of …really enjoy something
04get into a hobbystart becoming interested in it
05pick up a new skilllearn something casually
06be hooked on …be unable to stop doing something enjoyable
07have a soft spot for …have a fondness for something
08dabble in …do something casually, not seriously

B. How a hobby makes you feel

#ExpressionMeaning / use
09clear my headrelax mentally after stress
10switch off for a whilestop thinking about work or study
11unwind after a long dayrelax and de-stress
12get completely absorbed in …become deeply focused on an activity
13lose track of timeforget the time because you're enjoying something
14get in the zonereach a state of total focus
15blow off steamrelease stress or frustration
16take my mind off thingsstop worrying for a while
17recharge my batteriesrestore your energy

C. Benefits & describing the hobby

#ExpressionMeaning / use
18keep me in shapehelp physical fitness
19a creative outleta way to express creativity
20a nice change of pacesomething different from daily routine
21meet like-minded peoplemeet people with similar interests
22it's right up my streetexactly the kind of thing I enjoy
23a real escapea complete break from everyday stress
24good for my mental healthbeneficial for emotional wellbeing
25a bit of me-timetime spent alone doing what you enjoy

D. Frequency & fitting it in

#ExpressionMeaning / use
26do it on and offdo it irregularly over a long period
27fit it around my schedulemake time for it despite being busy
28whenever I can squeeze it inwhenever I can find a little time
29once in a blue moonvery rarely
30make it a regular thingturn it into a habit
31set aside some time for …deliberately reserve time
32be a bit rustyless skilled than before from lack of practice
33fall out of the habitstop doing something you used to do regularly

E. Vocabulary upgrades — replace generic words

Instead of …Try …Example in context
I likeI'm really into / I'm keen on / I'm a big fan of"I'm really into bouldering these days."
funabsorbing / addictive / a real buzz"It's genuinely addictive once you start."
relaxunwind / switch off / clear my head"It helps me switch off after work."
interestingfascinating / absorbing / addictive"I find photography completely absorbing."
good for megood for my mental health / a real escape"It's a real escape from the daily grind."
sometimesevery now and then / on and off"I paint on and off, depending on my mood."
I'm not good at itI'm a bit rusty / I'm still finding my feet"I'm a bit rusty, but I'm getting back into it."

6. Describing Techniques — How to Talk About Different Sub-Topics

A. Describing what you do in your free time

Don't just name the hobby — layer it: activity → frequency → a vivid detail → how it feels. A specific detail is what makes an answer sound real rather than rehearsed.

Avoid (flat list):

"In my free time I watch TV, play games, and sometimes read books."

Better (focused + vivid):

"Honestly, my go-to way to unwind is cooking. A couple of evenings a week I'll put on a podcast and just experiment with whatever's in the fridge — it's become a real escape from staring at a screen all day."

B. Describing how you got into it

Use narrative + a turning point. A mini-story of how you discovered the hobby shows past tenses naturally and sounds genuine.

Useful structures:
  • "I sort of fell into it during the pandemic, when I had a lot of time on my hands."
  • "A friend dragged me along to a class once, and I was hooked from then on."
  • "I've been doing it on and off ever since I was a kid."
  • "It started as a way to deal with stress, and it just snowballed from there."

C. Describing who you do it with

Useful structures:
  • "It's mostly a solo thing for me — a bit of much-needed me-time."
  • "I usually do it with a small group of like-minded people I met online."
  • "It's actually become a nice way to catch up with friends."
  • "I prefer doing it on my own, to be honest — it's when I get completely absorbed."

D. Describing how a hobby has changed over time

The examiner often asks if you had the same hobbies as a child. Use "used to" + "these days" to contrast past and present cleanly.

"When I was younger I used to spend every spare minute playing football outside. These days, though, I'm drawn to quieter things like reading and cooking — partly because life's got busier, and partly because my tastes have just shifted as I've got older."

E. Describing a hobby you'd like to try

Useful structures:
  • "I've always wanted to give [pottery / diving / the piano] a go."
  • "I'd love to pick up [a language / painting] at some point, mainly because …"
  • "It's been on my bucket list for ages — I just haven't got round to it yet."
  • "If I had more time on my hands, I'd definitely take up …"

7. Grammar Patterns

enjoy / avoid / practise + gerund
"I enjoy cooking at home because it gives me a chance to slow down after work."
Use the -ing form after enjoy. Never say 'enjoy to cook'.
Frequency phrase (fronted) + present simple
"A couple of times a week, I go swimming before work, which helps me feel more energetic."
A fronted frequency phrase adds rhythm and gives the answer a clear time frame.
Relative clause to add a personal reason
"I'm into photography, which is a nice creative outlet for me."
Lets you extend the answer naturally without sounding memorised.
'used to' + base verb for past habits
"I used to collect comics obsessively, but I sort of grew out of it in my teens."
Essential for 'Did you have the same hobbies as a child?' questions.
Contrast with although / having said that
"Although I'm not particularly sporty, I've recently got into hiking with a few friends."
Contrast makes a simple hobby answer more nuanced and shows range.
Gerund as subject for abstract statements
"Getting outdoors is honestly the best way for me to clear my head."
Starting with -ing lets you talk about the activity itself — sounds natural and fluid.
would like + infinitive for future hobbies
"I'd like to pick up pottery at some point, mainly because it seems calming and hands-on."
Use the infinitive after would like, hope, plan, and want.
Conditional 2 for hypothetical free time
"If I had more free time, I'd probably spend it learning an instrument."
If + past simple, would + infinitive. Great for 'what would you do' questions.

8. Pronunciation Focus

Sentence stress in frequency phrases

In Part 1, frequency phrases should sound light and natural. Stress the number or key time word, then move smoothly into the activity: a COUple of times a WEEK, almost every DAY, every NOW and THEN.

PhraseStress targetPractice line
a couple of times a weekCOUple / WEEKI go cycling a couple of times a week.
every now and thenNOW / THENEvery now and then, I bake with my sister.
whenever I can squeeze it inWHENever / SQUEEZEI read whenever I can squeeze it in.
once in a blue moonONCE / BLUEI go dancing once in a blue moon.

Linking sounds

Link short function words into the next word: into_it, couple_of, sort_of, pick_up, kind_of. This makes the answer sound more fluent without speaking faster.

Intonation for enthusiasm

Hobbies should sound like things you actually enjoy. Let your pitch rise on the key feeling word to convey genuine interest:

"I'm REALLY into it ↗ — it's honestly become a bit of an obSESSion ↘."

Flat delivery here sounds bored, which undercuts the meaning. Lift the pitch on 'really' and 'obsession'.

Words candidates often mangle

WordCommon errorTarget sound
hobby/ˈhɒbi/ (over-stressed -by)/ˈhɒbi/ — short, light second syllable
leisure/ˈliːʒə/ vs /ˈleʒə//ˈleʒə/ (UK) — 'leh-zher', not 'lee-zher'
photography/ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːfi//fəˈtɒɡrəfi/ — stress on the second syllable
absorbed/əbˈzɔː//əbˈzɔːbd/ — release the '-bd' cluster

9. Common Pitfalls

✗  I enjoy to play basketball.
✓  I enjoy playing basketball.
Use a gerund after 'enjoy'.
✗  My hobby is play computer games.
✓  My hobby is playing computer games. / I'm into video games.
After 'is', use a noun phrase or gerund, not the base verb.
✗  I very like reading.
✓  I really like reading. / I'm really into reading.
Use 'really' before 'like'; 'very' modifies adjectives, not the verb 'like'.
✗  I play it when I have time.
✓  I play it whenever I can squeeze it in, usually on Friday evenings.
Avoid vague time references. Add a frequency phrase or a specific routine.
✗  It is good for my body and mind.
✓  It helps me stay in shape and clear my head after a long day.
Replace generic benefits with natural collocations.
✗  When I was young I like playing outside.
✓  When I was young, I used to love playing outside.
Use 'used to + base verb' (and past tense) for childhood habits, not the present.
✗  I am interesting in painting.
✓  I'm interested in painting. / Painting is really interesting.
People are 'interested'; activities are 'interesting'. Don't confuse -ed and -ing adjectives.

10. Common Questions Bank & Strategy Notes

Below are the most frequently asked Part 1 Hobbies & Leisure questions, grouped by sub-topic. For each, there's a strategy note on what the examiner is looking for.

A. What you do

"What do you usually do in your free time?"
Use the WHW framework (What → How often → Why). Pick one or two hobbies, not a long list.
What do you usually do in your free time?
"What are your hobbies?"
Don't just name them — add a frequency phrase and one reason. 3–4 sentences.
What are your hobbies?
"How do you usually relax?"
Use feeling vocabulary beyond 'relax': 'switch off', 'unwind', 'clear my head'.
How do you usually relax?

B. Frequency & routine

"How often do you do this hobby?"
Use a precise frequency phrase ('a couple of times a week') + present simple. Avoid vague 'sometimes'.
How often do you do this hobby?
"When do you usually find time for it?"
Anchor to a specific routine ('on Sunday mornings', 'after work'). Add 'whenever I can squeeze it in' if busy.
When do you usually find time for it?
"Do you have enough free time?"
Be honest but articulate. Use 'snowed under', 'fit it around my schedule', conditional ('if I had more time…').
Do you have enough free time?

C. Origins & people

"How did you get into this hobby?"
Tell a mini-story with past tenses. Mention a turning point: 'a friend dragged me along…'.
How did you get into this hobby?
"Do you do it alone or with others?"
Either is fine — justify it. 'A bit of me-time' vs. 'meet like-minded people'.
Do you do it alone or with others?
"Did you have the same hobbies when you were younger?"
Use TNN (Then → Now → Nuance) with 'used to' + 'these days'. Show a contrast.
Did you have the same hobbies when you were younger?

D. Evaluation & future

"Why do you enjoy this hobby?"
Use PEE (Point → Example → Explanation). Link it to a feeling: 'it helps me get in the zone'.
Why do you enjoy this hobby?
"Is this a popular hobby in your country?"
Generalise with hedging: 'It's pretty common among…', 'It's caught on recently'.
Is this a popular hobby in your country?
"Would you like to try a new hobby in the future?"
Use FWP (Frequency → Wish → Plan) + 'would like to + infinitive'. Add a concrete plan.
Would you like to try a new hobby in the future?
"Do you think hobbies are important? Why?"
Give a reasoned opinion with a benefit: 'a real escape', 'good for mental health', 'a creative outlet'.
Do you think hobbies are important? Why?

11. Practice Questions & Model Answers

Question 1: "What do you usually do in your free time?"

Part 1 — Hobbies & Leisure · What you do

"What do you usually do in your free time?"

Follow-up: "Did you have the same hobbies when you were younger?"

Target length: 4–6 sentences · Target time: 30–45 seconds

MODEL ANSWER — Band 7.5+ (WHW framework)

"Well, these days I'm really into cooking, especially simple Chinese dishes that don't take the whole evening. I usually cook properly a couple of times a week, mostly on Friday nights, because it helps me switch off after staring at a screen all day. I used to treat cooking as a chore, to be honest, but during the pandemic I started trying recipes with my sister, and it gradually became a kind of creative outlet for me. I'm still a bit rusty with anything involving dough, but when a dish turns out well, I can lose track of time and really enjoy the process."

Question 2: "How did you become interested in this hobby?"

MODEL ANSWER — Band 7.5+ (Origin story)

"Honestly, I sort of fell into hiking by accident. A friend more or less dragged me along to a weekend trek a couple of years ago, and I remember complaining the whole way up — but the view from the top completely won me over. Ever since then, I've been hooked. What drew me to it, I think, is that feeling of being totally off-grid — no phone signal, no emails, just you and the trail. Now I try to get out into the hills whenever I can squeeze it in, which admittedly isn't as often as I'd like."

Question 3: "Did you have the same hobbies when you were younger?"

MODEL ANSWER — Band 7.5+ (TNN framework)

"Not really, no — my interests have shifted quite a bit. As a kid I used to be obsessed with video games; I'd happily spend a whole weekend glued to the screen. These days, though, I'm drawn to much calmer things, like reading and cooking, partly because life's got busier and partly because my tastes have just changed as I've got older. Having said that, I'll still fire up a game every now and then when I really want to switch my brain off — so I suppose old habits die hard."

Question 4: "Do you prefer doing hobbies alone or with other people?"

MODEL ANSWER — Band 7.5+ (Preference + nuance)

"It honestly depends on the hobby. For something like reading or sketching, I much prefer being on my own — it's a bit of much-needed me-time, and I can get completely absorbed without anyone interrupting. But for things like hiking or board games, half the fun is doing it with like-minded people — you bounce off each other and it turns into a proper social occasion. So I'd sayI'm a bit of both, really, depending on what kind of mood I'm in."

Question 5: "Would you like to try a new hobby in the future?"

MODEL ANSWER — Band 7.5+ (FWP framework)

"Definitely. At the moment I'm so snowed under with work that I barely have time for my existing hobbies, but there's one thing that's been on my bucket listfor ages — pottery. I'd love to give it a go, mainly because it looks so hands-on and calming, and I think working with clay would be a real change of pace from sitting at a desk. If everything goes to plan, I'm actually thinking of signing up for a weekend class once things quieten down a bit. I just need to get round to it!"

12. Annotated Commentary

Analysis of techniques used across the model answers above:

Complex grammar

"especially simple Chinese dishes that don't take the whole evening" — a defining relative clause adds detail smoothly. Also: "I'd happily spend a whole weekend glued to the screen" (would + base verb for past habit) and "working with clay would be a real change of pace" (gerund subject + conditional).

Tense mixing

The answers shift naturally between present simple ('I usually cook'), 'used to' for childhood ('I used to be obsessed'), present perfect ('I've been hooked'), and conditional ('I'd love to give it a go'). That range is what lifts you to Band 7+.

Idioms used naturally

"lose track of time", "won me over", "off-grid", "old habits die hard", "on my bucket list", "a change of pace". Woven into the narrative, not bolted on. Use 1–2 per answer, not five.

Hedging & nuance

"to be honest", "I'd say", "it depends on the hobby", "admittedly", "I suppose". Hedging shows degrees of certainty and stops answers sounding absolute or rehearsed.

Personal anecdote

"during the pandemic I started trying recipes with my sister", "I remember complaining the whole way up". Specific, credible details that make the answer believable rather than memorised.

Natural fillers

"Well", "Honestly", "sort of", "I suppose", "really". These signal confident, conversational speech and buy thinking time without sounding uncertain.

Pronunciation notes

Stress the frequency phrases: 'a COUple of times a WEEK', 'every NOW and THEN'. Link 'into_cooking', 'switch_off', 'kind_of', 'fell_into'. Let pitch rise on feeling words ('REALLY into', 'completely abSORBED').

13. High-Band Techniques (Band 7–8+)

These techniques turn a "simple" hobby question into evidence of real range. Each one targets a specific scoring criterion.

The sensory detail moveLR + FC
Add one concrete, sensory detail to make the hobby vivid. Examiners reward answers that paint a picture over generic ones.
"There's something about the smell of a new book and the quiet of a Sunday morning that I just love." (beats "I like reading because it's relaxing")
Collocation chainsLR
String 2–3 natural collocations together to show depth rather than a single fancy word.
"It helps me switch off, clear my head, and recharge my batteries after a hectic week." (three collocations in one sentence)
Past–present contrast with 'used to'GRA
Even when not asked directly, contrasting how a hobby has changed shows tense control and reflection.
"I used to do it purely for fun, whereas now it's become more of a way to unwind and stay sane."
The honest admissionFC + LR
Admitting a small imperfection sounds authentic and lets you use hedging language naturally.
"I'm not going to pretend I'm any good at it — I'm hopelessly out of practice — but that's not really the point for me."
Feeling vocabulary beyond 'relax'LR
Your words for how a hobby feels reveal vocabulary depth. Go beyond 'fun' and 'relaxing'.
"I get completely absorbed" / "it's strangely meditative" / "it's a real escape" / "I get in the zone" / "it's oddly addictive"
The 'it depends' pivotFC + GRA
When a question could go either way, saying 'it depends' lets you give a balanced, two-sided answer that shows complex structure.
"It really depends — if I've had a stressful week, I want something physical like a run; but if I'm already drained, I'll just curl up with a book."

14. Self-Drill

Shadow-reading lines — say each 5 times aloud

"I usually cook properly a couple of times a week, mostly on Friday nights, because it helps me switch off."

Focus on: stress COUple and WEEK, link 'couple_of', keep 'switch off' crisp.

"When a dish turns out well, I can lose track of time and really get absorbed in it."

Focus on: link 'turns_out', rise on 'reALLY', release the '-bd' in 'absorbed'.

"I used to be obsessed with video games, but these days I'm drawn to much calmer things."

Focus on: 'used to' → /juːstə/, stress 'obSESSED' and 'CALMer', falling tone at the end.

Improv prompts — record yourself, no notes

"What do you do to relax after a busy week?"

Target: 4+ sentences · Use one frequency phrase, one gerund after enjoy/be into, and one feeling collocation.

"Tell me about a hobby you had as a child."

Target: 4+ sentences · Use 'used to' and at least one past tense. Add a contrast with 'these days'.

"Would you like to try a new hobby in the future? Why or why not?"

Target: 4+ sentences · Use 'would like to + infinitive' and one conditional. Include a concrete plan.

"Do you think hobbies are important for people? Why?"

Target: 4+ sentences · Give a reasoned opinion + one benefit ('a creative outlet', 'good for mental health').

Vocabulary activation drill

Set a 2-minute timer. For each prompt below, speak for 30 seconds using as many expressions from the phrase bank as you can. Don't read — speak from memory.

  1. Describe your favourite way to spend a free Saturday.
  2. Persuade a friend to take up your hobby with you.
  3. Explain how a hobby helps you deal with stress.
  4. Talk about a hobby you stopped doing and why.
Practice NotesHobbies & Leisure — practice notes