IELTS Writing · Ch 04

Task 1 Academic — Table

Selecting features · avoid copying all rows · ranking language

Topic & Why It Matters

A table tests whether you can turn dense numbers into a clear comparison. Unlike a graph, it may not have a visual shape, so you must create the structure yourself: rank the values, group similar rows or columns, and decide which figures deserve space.

Candidates lose marks when they copy the table cell by cell or miss the overall pattern because they focus too narrowly on individual numbers. A strong answer makes the examiner feel that the table has been simplified, not merely repeated.

Knowledge Points

Tables test selection, not memory
A table can contain many numbers, but IELTS does not reward copying every cell. Your score improves when you identify the main rankings, clear gaps, and unusual values, then report only the figures that prove those features.
Read by both rows and columns
A weak answer moves across rows mechanically. A stronger answer checks columns too: which country leads each category, which category dominates each country, and whether any category is consistently high or low.
Rank before you compare
Tables often become easy after ranking. Mark the highest and lowest value in each column, then decide whether the body paragraphs should be organised by category, country, or high-versus-low groups.
Totals matter when the rows add to a whole
If each row adds to 100%, the categories are parts of a whole. Do not add percentages across countries unless the question gives real population totals. Compare shares within and between rows instead.
Use precise static language
Most tables show one year or one situation, so use static reporting verbs: 'stood at', 'accounted for', 'represented', and 'ranked'. Use trend verbs only when the table includes dates or change over time.
Mention the exception
A table often has one value that breaks the main pattern. Naming that exception briefly can lift Coherence and Cohesion because it shows you are analysing, not listing.

Structure Template

Four paragraphs, about 155-175 words total. Choose a row or column logic before writing.

ParagraphTargetWhat to Write
Paragraph 1 — Introduction25–35 wordsParaphrase the table title. State the population, categories, year or period, and unit. Keep it factual and avoid analysis.
Paragraph 2 — Overview30–45 wordsSummarise the dominant categories and the clearest high/low patterns. Do not include exact figures here.
Paragraph 3 — Body A45–60 wordsReport the highest-ranking category or country group with selected figures. Use 'ranked first', 'followed by', and comparative structures.
Paragraph 4 — Body B45–60 wordsCover the remaining categories and any exception. End with a comparison that confirms the overview.
The golden rule: Do not write the table in the order it is printed. Rank first, group second, write third.

Vocabulary & Grammar Toolkit

ExpressionUsage Note
ranked first / ranked lastUse when ordering countries, groups, or categories
the highest / lowest proportionSafe phrases for percentage tables
stood at [value]Neutral reporting verb for a single table figure
accounted for [percentage]Use when a category is part of a whole
represented [percentage]Alternative to 'accounted for' for percentages
made up [percentage]Natural but less formal; use once, not repeatedly
respectivelyLinks two or more items to values in the same order
followed by [X] at [value]Creates a compact ranked sequence
just over / just underApproximation language when values are not exact
roughly / around / approximatelyUse for estimated table values or rounded figures
a clear majorityMore than 50%; useful for row-level dominance
a small minorityA low share; avoid if the value is not clearly small
less than half the figure for [X]Concise ratio comparison
almost twice as high asRatio comparison when one value is nearly double another
by a margin of [value]Precise gap: 'by a margin of 6 percentage points'
percentage pointsUse for gaps between percentages: 58% minus 52% = 6 percentage points
whereas / whileCompare two rows or columns in one sentence
in contrast / by contrastIntroduce an opposite pattern
notablyHighlights an important exception without sounding dramatic
across the four countriesSignals that the comparison covers the full table
row / columnUseful planning words; rarely needed in the final answer
dominant categoryA concise phrase for the largest share within a row
the pattern was similar for...Links body paragraphs without overusing simple linkers

Common Pitfalls

MistakeCorrection
Reporting every cellChoose the highest, lowest, and most meaningful middle values. A 150-word answer cannot cover twelve table cells with equal weight.
Ignoring row totalsIf each row adds to 100%, treat the categories as shares of one whole. Do not add Canada and Japan together unless the table gives population totals.
Using trend verbs for a single yearA one-year table does not 'rise' or 'fall'. Write 'stood at 58%' or 'was highest in Canada', not 'rose to 58%'.
Putting exact figures in the overviewThe overview should name the main pattern without data. Save values such as 58% and 7% for the body paragraphs.
Forgetting the unitIf the table uses percentages, every value needs a percent sign or a clear percentage phrase. 'Japan had 52' is incomplete.

Practice Prompt

Set a 20-minute timer. Write your response before reading the model answer.

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The table below shows the percentage of adults aged 25 to 64 by highest educational qualification in four countries in 2022.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Table data (% of adults aged 25 to 64):
CountryTertiary qualificationSecondary onlyNo formal qualification
Canada58%34%8%
Germany34%55%11%
Japan52%41%7%
Italy27%57%16%
My Response
0 / 150 words
150 more words needed

Model AnswerBand 7.5+ · 160 words

The table compares the educational attainment of adults aged 25 to 64 in four countries in 2022, with figures shown as percentages.

Overall, tertiary qualifications were most common in Canada and Japan, while secondary-only education dominated in Germany and Italy. Italy also had the largest share of adults with no formal qualifications, whereas Japan recorded the smallest.

Looking first at higher education, Canada ranked first, with 58% of adults holding a tertiary qualification. Japan followed closely at 52%, but the figure for Germany was much lower, at 34%. Italy had the smallest tertiary-educated share, at just 27%, less than half the Canadian proportion.

For secondary-only education, Italy and Germany led the table, at 57% and 55% respectively, compared with 41% in Japan and 34% in Canada. The pattern was similar for adults without formal qualifications: Italy again recorded the highest figure, at 16%, followed by Germany at 11%. Canada stood at 8%, while Japan had the lowest proportion, at 7%.

Annotated Commentary

Each paragraph is quoted, then broken down by examiner criteria. Notice how the response selects the clearest row and column patterns instead of copying every cell.

[ Paraphrase ]Paragraph 1 — Introduction
The table compares the educational attainment of adults aged 25 to 64 in four countries in 2022, with figures shown as percentages.
Lexical upgrade'educational attainment' replaces the simpler phrase 'education level'
Task framingNames the age group, countries, year, and unit in one compact sentence
Syntax change'with figures shown as percentages' adds the unit through a reduced clause
[ Thesis ]Paragraph 2 — Overview
Overall, tertiary qualifications were most common in Canada and Japan, while secondary-only education dominated in Germany and Italy. Italy also had the largest share of adults with no formal qualifications, whereas Japan recorded the smallest.
Thesis (overview)States the dominant education level by country group and identifies the highest/lowest no-formal pattern
Cohesive device'while' and 'whereas' compare opposite patterns without adding figures
Lexical upgrade'dominated' and 'share' reduce repetition of 'was the biggest percentage'
Data selectionNo exact figures appear here, so the paragraph remains a true overview
[ Topic sentence ]Paragraph 3 — Body A
Looking first at higher education, Canada ranked first, with 58% of adults holding a tertiary qualification. Japan followed closely at 52%, but the figure for Germany was much lower, at 34%. Italy had the smallest tertiary-educated share, at just 27%, less than half the Canadian proportion.
Topic sentenceStarts with the selected column: higher education, the clearest contrast in the table
Cohesive device'followed closely' creates ranking while linking Canada and Japan
Complex grammar'with 58% of adults holding...' compresses the data into a participle phrase
Lexical upgrade'tertiary-educated share' avoids repeating 'adults with tertiary qualifications'
Comparison'less than half the Canadian proportion' adds a ratio comparison beyond simple listing
[ Contrast ]Paragraph 4 — Body B
For secondary-only education, Italy and Germany led the table, at 57% and 55% respectively, compared with 41% in Japan and 34% in Canada. The pattern was similar for adults without formal qualifications: Italy again recorded the highest figure, at 16%, followed by Germany at 11%. Canada stood at 8%, while Japan had the lowest proportion, at 7%.
Topic sentenceMoves from tertiary education to the two remaining categories
Cohesive device'The pattern was similar for...' links the secondary-only comparison to the no-formal category
Complex grammar'while Japan had the lowest proportion' adds a contrast clause at the end
Lexical upgrade'led the table' and 'recorded the highest figure' provide controlled ranking language
Data accuracy'respectively' correctly links Italy with 57% and Germany with 55%

Self-Check

Answer these from memory before looking back. If you cannot answer all, re-read the relevant section.

  1. Before writing about a table, what should you mark in each row or column?
  2. A one-year table shows Canada at 58%. A student writes: 'Canada rose to 58%.' What is wrong?
  3. Write one sentence comparing Italy and Japan using 'whereas' or 'while' and at least one exact figure.
Answers: (1) Mark the highest and lowest values, plus any clear exception or repeated pattern. (2) 'Rose' is a trend verb, but this is a one-year table; write 'Canada stood at 58%' or 'Canada recorded 58%'. (3) Sample: 'Italy had 57% in secondary-only education, whereas Japan recorded a lower figure of 41%.'